Ti(C, n) fund belongs to the research of pottery and porcelain

6% above, hardness is worth (HRA) rose 0.

9 ～ 1.

7. Ti(C, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain to have good performance characteristics, with hard alloy photograph compares WC radical, the intensity of taller red rigid, close, inferior caustic, thermal conductivity and coefficient of friction are shown in treatment, have taller life or higher cutting rate can be used below the situation with same life, the workpiece that be added has finer face bright and clean degree. Accordingly, ti(C, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain to be in a lot of adding to be versed in the ground can succeed to replace WC radical below the circumstance hard alloy, fill WC radical the blank between hard alloy and pottery and porcelain. At present this is planted material forward two way develop tall tenacity and tall wearability, tall tenacity and photograph of coating hard alloy compete, tall wearability and phase of data of pottery and porcelain compete. Additional, from the consideration on resource, development goes to be not contained contain cobaltic, tungsten tungsten, cobaltic or less and have substantial natural resources, cheap Ti(C, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain, also have great economy and strategic sense. This research introduced parameter of craft of alloy composition and its content, agglomeration, heat to wait static press processing to wait for pair of Ti(C, n) fund belongs to the influence of function of pottery and porcelain. 1 experiment uses agglomeration of pulverous metallurgy technology or hot suppress to take Ti(C, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain. To reduce agglomeration condition Ti(C, n) radical the blemish dimension of hard alloy (odd hole and collect grain) , wait into travel heat after agglomeration static press processing, in order to increase alloy strength. Measure thickness with the Archimedes's principle with DH-100 balance; With HRV-150AT optical Rockwell hardness plan measure hardness; With exhaustion of week of depress of Instronl 342 fluid experiment machine measures bending strength (sample size: 30 Mm) of × of 5 Mm of 5 Mm × ; Take TN-5500 with JSM-840 (can chart appearance) or lens of S-250 scanning report undertakes fracture surface and composition are analysed; Rotate in D/MAX-RB12 KV zincous X ray undertakes photograph analysis and latticedot matrix constant determine on diffractive appearance. 2 tests result and the influence of discussion constituent, content to alloy function Ti(C, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain is with Ti(C, n) is main horniness constituent, still add the carbide of difficult frit metal of and so on of such as WC, TaC or nitride sometimes, it is binder with Ni-Mo(or Mo2C) , replace a kind of composite material of nickel with cobaltic part sometimes. Graph Ti(C of sketch map of 1 cermet microstructure, if the graph is shown 1 times,N) fund belongs to the microstructure of pottery and porcelain. Its feature is by TiC or Ti(C, n) horniness photograph is core (graph 1 in C) , the brim is (Ti, mo)C or (Ti, mo) (C, the annular structure that N) solid solution forms (SS photograph) (graph 1 in the felt phase that S) and nickel, cobalt and dissolve enter the composition such as among them titanium, molybdenum, carbon, nitrogen (R photograph) (graph 1 in 3 parts of B) are comprised. If add,WC, TaC can make SS appearance as much. Because Mo2C, TiC, WC, TaC dissolves to the middle of fluid photograph,this is, be in TiC or Ti(C, the result of the separate out on N) thick grain. In horniness SS appearance is made all round the photograph, improved nickel to Ti(C, the wetability of N) , restrained Ti(C, n) grain is grown, be helpful for carbide grain refining. But SS photograph is very clear, to get the Ti(C with superior performance, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain, must control SS photograph to grow. TiN and Ti(C, n) belongs to same brilliant to the influence TiN of alloy function and TiC model (cubic brilliant) compound, and all but consist in is mixed under its carbon apparently in the composition of chemical and metric value of nitrogen. In process of high temperature agglomeration TiC and TiN also can produce reaction, generate the Ti(C of content of different carbon, nitrogen, n) solid solution. It is so when compound preparation, can be with only group of TiN, TiC yuan form, also can use Ti(C, form of N) solid solution is joined. This experiment uses TiN and Ti(C, n) pink has a test, the result includes a list 1. Look from test result, use high temperature to spread oneself synthesis (the TiC0 that SHS) craft develops.

5N0.

5 with TiC0.

7N0.

Two kinds of 3 solid solution pink, because powder is active big, ti(C of preparation of reoccupy agglomeration law, n) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain unsuited, stick a boat easily, the product is changeful form, if firing temperature is low, cause alloy compact sex is poor, alloy hardness and intensity are low. According to document the report uses Ti(C of SHS craft preparation, craft of hot pressing of N) pink reoccupy controls function of extraction cutting tool of pottery and porcelain good. The TiC0 that with carbon reductive legal system has.

49N0.

34 pink, because of its C/N is worth actually for 0.

83(<1) , the alloy function of preparation is mixed under TiC the alloy of TiN compound preparation, and alloy function is not stabilized. Should make Ti(C, the alloy performance of preparation of N) solid solution is good, must make Ti(Cx, the sum of the X in Ny) , Y is close to or be equal to 1. The sum of X, Y is less than 1, express to be short of carbon and be short of nitrogen, make free titanium and nickel make Ni3Ti appearance (brittleness photograph) . More or less does quantity of carbon, nitrogen also affect the composition of horniness photograph and felt photograph and measure at the same time, cause alloy function to be not stabilized consequently. Watch 1 add TiN or Ti(C, the N) influence to alloy function function TiC+TiNTiC0.

49N0.

34(reductive law) TiC+TiNTiC0.

5N0.

5(SHS)TiC0.

7N0.

3(SHS)sbb/MPa1163984845427488HRA89.

490.

185.

580.

382.

8r/g · Cm-35.

905.

966.

78-6.

34C/N compares the influence graph 2 Ti(C of pair of alloy function, n) radical hard alloy phasor (alloy contains nitrogen, carbon to measure conversion to become the nitrogen in carbon, nitride, carbon to measure) chart of diffraction of ray of X of alloy of graph 3 42TiC-26TiN-13Mo-19Ni to Ti(C, n) radical hard alloy, its three-phase (photograph of Ni3Ti (ε ) or carbon) appear to depend on with the position of three-phase area carbon and azotic content, the more tall nitrogen alloy, photograph area width is secondly bigger, if pursue,2 are shown. The Ti(C that different C/N compares, result of test of hard alloy function includes N) radical the list 2, it is consistent that its report with document as a result. When nitrogen the meeting when the quantity increases produces nitrogen, the nitrogen of emergence is closed very easily to form hole inside agglomeration body, cause alloy intensity and hardness to reduce. Express 2 different C/N to compare the N/Csbb/MPaHRAr/cm-310/10144290 of function alloy date of alloy.

05.

8521.

8/8.

2153290.

15.

9033.

8/6.

2115689.

15.

83 in the crystal lattice constant that different C/N determines to compare alloy sample on D/max-RB diffractive appearance (condition: Cu Ka radiate, 40 KV, 100 MA) , the result includes a list 3. Discover felt photograph (R photograph) crystal lattice constant increases as azotic quantity and increase, constant of horniness photograph crystal lattice increases as azotic quantity and reduce. Because azotic quantity increases,this is, make molybdenum increase what what cause in quantity of dissolve of the solid in R photograph. Express 3 different C/N to compare Ti(C, n) radical the case of Xiang Jing of horniness of N/C of date of alloy of crystal lattice constant of hard alloy is invariable 10-1nm10/104 of invariable × of crystal lattice of photograph of × 10-1nm felt.

3223.

57521.

8/8.

24.

3143.

59433.

8/6.

24.

2963.

601 from chart of X ray diffraction (graph 3) sees when the TiN in alloy the quantity increases 26% when, photograph of photograph structure occurrence Ni3Mo. This is the freedom that creates because of Mo2N can turn into when prep above 1073K, mo2N is in thermodynamic on become not stable, because this alloy is when agglomeration Ti(C, atom of the nitrogen in N) will restrain molybdenum to diffuse to SS photograph, make overmuch molybdenum and nickel action make Ni3Mo appearance thereby, this is brittleness photograph, affect alloy performance. Right on lens of S-250 scanning report 1, 2, 3 alloy have microstructure observation and part small divisional analyse, see a picture 4. See the cermet that is a model microstructure from inside the graph, be in namely black core (horniness photograph) outside the SS photograph that surrounding gray, white part is felt photograph. Undertake to each photograph small area composition is analysed, the result includes a list 4. In composition analysis, rise and increase what content of the molybdenum in discovering felt photograph compares as N/C. In the meantime, in the composition that analyses SS photograph, discover the content of molybdenum is reduced as the accretion that N/C compares, confirmed nitrogen prevents molybdenum to diffuse to SS photograph further. (Alloy of A) 1 date; (Alloy of B) 2 date; (Alloy of C) 3 date; Graph 4 Ti(C, the photograph composition that the image of scanning report lens of N) alloy expresses 4 each alloy / mark of % (atomicity) color MoTiNiA (is white) 4.

02526.

57267.

030B (is grey) 11.

69277.

5089.

755C (is black) 5.

85891.

3452.

Alloy of 157(a) 1 date (N/C=0/10) color MoTiNiA (is white) 5.

88023.

89767.

438B (is grey) 11.

40674.

75612.

382C (is black) 7.

64190.

2523.

Alloy of 321(b) 2 date (N/C=0/8) color MoTiNiA (is white) 10.

45527.

23960.

539B (is grey) 10.

83782.

8325.

287C (is black) 10.

25452.

3033.

Alloy of 654(c) 3 date (N/C=3.

8/6.

2)X ray diffraction analyses a result to make clear, be less than when content of the TiN in alloy 15% when, tiN is general with (TiMo) (C, n) form exists. Afore-mentioned experiments make clear, when N/C comparing is 2/8 ～ 3/7, alloy has good performance. Wet TiC (of can complete embellish contacts the nickel alloy that molybdenum, Mo2C has document introduction to contain 10%Mo to the influence of alloy function) of horny =0 ° . In complete embellish wet condition falls, carbide grain does not appear collect recrystallization, what molybdenum restrains grain of the carbide when agglomeration is grown. Below firing temperature, molybdenum to Ti(C, n) grain diffuses, be in Ti(C, n) grain surface is formed (TiMo)(C, n) solid solution (SS photograph) , decrease with Ti(C, the contact of N) grain, make Ti(C, n) radical alloy acquires finer grain and even structure. In process of 900 ℃ agglomeration molybdenum begins to generate Mo2C, quantity of the Mo2C when 1000 ℃ of 900 ～ increases apparently, continue to warm up Mo2C quantity begins to decrease, to disappear completely after 1200 ℃ . In agglomeration process so Mo2C dissolves at fluid photograph, and with deliquescent the Ti(C in fluid photograph, n) fashions solid solution, the in thick grain TiC when refrigeration or Ti(C, undertake on N) again separate out. This experiment makes up Ti(C respectively with molybdenum pink and Mo2C pink, n) radical hard alloy, the test includes a list as a result 5. See from the watch add molybdenum and Mo2C alloy to be affected to function not quite, make alloy bending strength rises somewhat only. But analyse from X ray diffraction, the sample that adds molybdenum divides Ti(C, outside N) photograph and nickel photograph, still Ni3Ti photograph exists (5) seeing a picture. The alloy that adds Mo2C has Ti(C only, n) photograph and nickel photograph (6) seeing a picture. See from photograph of scanning report lens the sample that add molybdenum compares the grain that adds Mo2C sample bulky (graph 7) . Because molybdenum is short of carbon in the alloy when generating Mo2C,these are, deviate two-phase area, appeared Ni3Ti photograph, in because be short of carbon,making more molybdenum dissolve enter felt phase, increased the amount of felt photograph, make grain bulky. Express 5 add molybdenum or Mo2C adds molybdenum to add Mo2Csbb/MPa13351244HRA90 to the influence function of alloy function.

090.

2r/g · Cm-35.

975.

91 graphs the 5 Ti(C that add molybdenum, n) radical chart of diffraction of ray of hard alloy X pursues the 6 Ti(C that add Mo2C, n) radical chart of diffraction of ray of hard alloy X (A) adds molybdenum (B) adds Mo2C to pursue the 7 Ti(C that add molybdenum or Mo2C, the SEM image of hard alloy has N) radical bending strength of alloy of document introduction TiC-Mo-15%Ni rises as the addition of molybdenum content, achieve when molybdenum quality mark 15% when, bending strength occurrence maximum. Carbide bead diameter is reduced along with the accretion of molybdenum quality mark, see a picture 8. Graph 9 make clear, along with the accretion of molybdenum quality mark, hardness shows downtrend, because place of softer than TiC SS photograph grow in quantity is caused,this is. Molybdenum of another document introduction basically distributings in SS photograph, also a few dissolving is in in felt photograph, as the addition of molybdenum quality mark, the titanium of dissolve of the solid in felt photograph and molybdenum quantity increase. About the ratio of molybdenum and nickel, still have document introduction fluctuant range is very big, but great majority uses Ni ∶ Mo to be close to 1 ∶ 1, be like TiC-12.

In 3%Ni alloy, affiliation molybdenum quality mark is 10% ～ 12% when, alloy has highest life. The relation of bending strength of alloy of graph 8 TiC-Mo-15%Ni and carbide granuality and molybdenum quality mark 1.

Firing temperature is 1350 ℃ ; 2.

The influence of the nickel of relation felt photograph of the hardness that firing temperature is alloy of 9 TiC-Mo2C-20%Ni of 1100 ℃ graph and molybdenum quality mark and cobalt to alloy function is the relationship that the body integral of the bending strength of TiC-Mo2C-Ni cermet hard alloy and hardness and nickel figures: ? Skip ～ of?0% of qualitative  of  of  grandma awake 25% when, alloy bending strength reachs maximum, and the mark increases the volume that hardness follows nickel and show drop point-blank. Graph 10 47.

6TiC-10.

2TiN-17.

1Mo-25.

Chart of diffraction of ray of 1Ni alloy X 47TiC-10.

2TiN-17.

1Mo-25.

1Ni alloy analyses a result to make clear through X ray diffraction, existing Ni3Mo photograph (graph 10) . When felt photograph (nickel) quality mark increases 25% when, form Ni3Mo to offer a condition for molybdenum and nickel, ni3Mo photograph is brittleness photograph, affect alloy intensity. Current, in Ti(C, hard alloy studies N) radical in, with cobalt part or replace nickel to serve as felt photograph entirely. Because cobalt has taller than nickel tenacity,this is, as wet as horniness photograph embellish good, reduce alloy porosity. Reason replaces nickel to be able to make with cobalt Ti(C, hard alloy has N) radical of tall hardness and high strenth good match, material of pure nickel of excel of its integral performance. The effect that total carbon measures pair of alloy performance in alloy has 90% ～ when carbide photograph when 96% saturated carbon, alloy has optimal hardness and bending strength. Use wide method of line of Xie Le equation the size of grain of horniness of alloy of half mensurable estimation, (Wide computation of 200) develop ray includes a list as a result 6. Can see from the watch, high total carbon volume can make horniness grain attenuate, answer because of the quantity of carbide total carbon of this horniness photograph appropriate, in order to assure Ti(C, n) radical the good performance of hard alloy. The influence quality fraction that in expressing 6 alloy, total carbon measures / line of % horniness look is broad / diameter of bead of photograph of μ M horniness / × 10-1nm11.

960.

6927411.

200.

39484 agglomeration technology is right Ti(C, the affects agglomeration mood influence that N) fund belongs to function of pottery and porcelain is in Ti(C, n) radical should join TiN in hard alloy, when agglomeration because the atmosphere inside furnace can not have together,suck nitrogen and the phenomenon that take off nitrogen. Meeting suction nitrogen changes the composition of alloy, produce inhomogenous construction, affect alloy performance badly; Emergence nitrogen can close in alloy interior, produce a large number of hole, also can affect alloy performance badly. Ti(C, hard alloy uses N) radical commonly vacuum agglomeration. Because be below vacuum agglomeration condition, grain surface oxide can fall to be enraged by the carbon inside furnace in inferior temperature reductive, improve fluid the wet sex of opposite horniness photograph, change the distributinging uniformity of felt photograph thereby, make agglomeration system compact, and can decrease react between gas phase and solid photograph, craft is controlled easily. But, when vacuum agglomeration, alloy produces azotic reaction easily, affect alloy performance. This experiment undertakes agglomeration in decompression nitrogen. The person such as bell wood life considers to point out to TiC0.

7N0.

3 with TiC0.

5N0.

5 base when alloy has the greatest strength, nitrogen pressure is respectively 0.

2kPa and 0.

3kPa. But the problem that sucks nitrogen can produce in the agglomeration in nitrogen, require bring to sb's attention. To 4 kinds of Ti(C, the comparative test result that N) radical alloy has vacuum agglomeration and nitrogen atmosphere agglomeration includes a list 7. Good from what express the 7 alloy performance that see vacuum agglomeration to all compare nitrogen atmosphere agglomeration. This basically is control of pressure of the nitrogen in the experiment and control of the time that connect nitrogen have difficulty, did not achieve expectant goal consequently. Express 7 agglomeration atmosphere to be opposite the nitrogen of vacuum of nitrogen of vacuum of Sbb/MPaHRA of influence alloy date of alloy function 11154111887.

788.

22106199490.

388.

53114682787.

085.

74112198590.

688.

71.

1400 ℃ ; 2.

1450 ℃ ; 3.

1500 ℃ ; 4.

1600 ℃ pursue curve of relation of the temperature inside the atmospheric pressure inside 11 furnace and furnace 1.

B1; 2.

B2; 3.

B3 pursues coefficient of 12 sample systole and curve of firing temperature relation (heat preservation time 1.

5 H)1.

B1; 2.

B2; 3.

B3 pursues coefficient of 13 sample systole and curve of relation of heat preservation time (1450 ℃ agglomeration) in 1400, 1450, 1500, Ti(C of agglomeration of the vacuum below 1600 ℃ , when N) radical alloy, the relation curve of the atmospheric pressure inside furnace and temperature sees a picture 11. After 1300 ℃ vacuum is spent drop, because fluid photograph appears after 1300 ℃ ,this is, exist of nickel volatilize be caused by. See from 1500 ℃ and curve of 1600 ℃ agglomeration after 1400 ℃ exceeding in temperature, the vacuum inside furnace is spent lift as temperature and drop. Drop after 1500 ℃ very remarkable. Because the nitrogen in TiN is decomposed,this is volatilize cause. In Ti(C, the firing temperature when N) fund belongs to agglomeration of vacuum of pottery and porcelain is unfavorable more than 1500 ℃ , and the vacuum that needs to keep certain when heat preservation is spent, let nitrogen be discharged as far as possible, reduce the incomplete allowance inside agglomeration body. The influence of agglomeration craft parameter is right 56TiC-12TiN-13Mo-19Ni (B1) , 42TiC-26TiN-13Mo-19Ni (B2) and 47.

6TiC-10.

2TiN-17.

1Mo-25.

3 kinds of alloy undertake 1Ni(B3) vacuum agglomeration, draw gives curve of coefficient of sample agglomeration systole and firing temperature and relation of heat preservation time (graph 12, 13) . In 1300 ～ 1400 ℃ alloy all contracts quickly, the B3 alloy with felt most photograph had bigger systole in 1320 ℃ , in photograph of occurrence fluid of this temperature area. In alloy shrinkage drops after 1450 ℃ , because TiN discloses the small opening in causing alloy,this is. Among them the B2 alloy with TiN high content is more apparent. Accordingly, think firing temperature control is in 1500 ℃ of 1450 ～ had better. From the graph 13 look, in alloy of 1450 ℃ agglomeration, heat preservation time 40 ～ 60min can make alloy compact. After agglomeration of different firing temperature to B1 and B2 sample function checks a result to see a table 8. Its agree with the analysis of above as a result. Express 8 firing temperature to be opposite the 1450 ℃ of ℃ of influence alloy Sbb/MPaHRA1400 of alloy function 1400 ℃ of 1500 ℃ 1500 ℃ of 1450 ℃ B114351463124890.

090.

289.

9B212161244124890.

190.

390.

2 heat static control the impact that handles pair of alloy function to reduce agglomeration condition Ti(C, the blemish dimension that N) fund belongs to pottery and porcelain in order to increase alloy strength. Document points out agglomeration condition and heat to wait static the Ti(C that presses processing, the bending strength of N)-Mo2C-Ni(Co) cermet is apparent as the accretion of azotic content rise, and average blemish dimension also is reduced subsequently. Ti(C of condition of two kinds of agglomeration undertook on the static press such as QIH-6 heat, the heat of N) radical alloy static approach an experiment, its include a list as a result 9. From the watch 9 see, classics overheat static after pressing processing, the bending strength of alloy has rise apparently, achieve 1765MPa on average, highest amount to 1817 MPa, raised 70% above. The density of alloy also has rise, opposite density is achieved 99.

6% above. Alloy hardness value increases 0.

9 ～ 1.

7HRA. If pursue,scanning report lens observes its microstructure and fracture surface 14, 15 are shown. Classics overheat static photograph of the felt in the alloy after pressing processing distributings even (graph 14(b)) , fracture surface (graph 15(b)) has plasticity to be out of shape area. Although heat up,wait static after pressing processing, ti(C, hard alloy function has N) radical rise, but raised cost, but performance is better. (A) agglomeration condition (B) HIP handles graph 14 Ti(C, microstructure of N) radical alloy (SEM)(a) agglomeration condition (B) HIP handles graph 15 Ti(C, photograph of fracture surface of N) radical alloy (SEM) expresses the static Ti(C controlling state such as 9 agglomeration condition and heat, opposite density of Cm-3 of · of Sbb/MPaHRAr/g of position of performance of N) radical alloy / % agglomeration condition, HIP is handled 1035176588.

989.

85.

915.

9399100 agglomeration condition, HIP is handled 807138189.

391.

06.

776.

9896.

599.

63 conclusion Ti(C, method of preparation of N) solid solution is right Ti(C, impact of function of N) radical alloy is very big, want to get the alloy with superior performance, must make Ti(Cx, the sum of the X in Ny) , Y is close to or be equal to 1. When introducing nitrogen with TiN form, discover felt photograph (R photograph) crystal lattice constant increases as azotic content and increase, constant of horniness photograph crystal lattice increases as azotic content and reduce. Rise and increase what content of the molybdenum in felt photograph compares as N/C. In the meantime, in the composition that analyses SS photograph, the content that discovers molybdenum again rises as what N/C compares and reduce, confirmed nitrogen prevents molybdenum to diffuse to SS photograph further, make SS photograph attenuates, ti(C, n) grain is refined. Increase when the quality mark of TiN 26% when, photograph of brittleness of photograph structure occurrence Ni3Mo, affect alloy performance. Reason N/C control is in 2/8 ～ 3/7 had better. Molybdenum, nickel, carbon is influential to alloy function, produce Ni3Ti photograph because of be short of carbon to meet when be joined with molybdenum form; The quality mark of nickel increases 25% when photograph of meeting generation Ni3Mo. These are brittleness photographs, affect alloy performance. When vacuum agglomeration, temperature exceeds 1400 ℃ , the vacuum inside furnace is spent lift as the temperature inside furnace and drop; After 1450 ℃ , alloy shrinkage drops, these are caused. Heat static press what processing is helpful for alloy function to rise, bending strength raises 70% above about, alloy is achieved relative to density 99.

6% above, hardness value HRA rises 0.

9 ～ 1.

7. CNC Milling CNC Machining